AP Chap 1.cwk
chapter 1
AP Chap 2.cwk
chap 2
AP chap 3.cwk
chap 3
AP Chap 4.cwk
chap 4
Chapter 5 Metabolism, Energy, and Life
1. Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in the energy exchanges of cellular metabolism.
2. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy.
3. Distinguish between open and closed systems.
4. Explain, in your own words, the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
5. Explain why highly ordered living organisms do not violate the second law of thermodynamics.
6. Write and define each component of the equation for free-energy change.
7. Explain how changes in temperature influence the maximum amount of usable energy that can be harvested from a reaction.
8. Describe the relationship between free energy and equilibrium.
9. Distinguish between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
10. Explain why metabolic disequilibrium is one of the defining features of life.
11. Describe the three main kinds of cellular work.
12. Describe the function of ATP in a cell.
Evolution, Unity, and Diversity
13. List the three components of ATP and identify the major class of macromolecules to which ATP belongs.
14. Explain how ATP performs cellular work.
Enzymes
15. Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems.
16. Explain the relationship between enzyme structure and enzyme specificity.
17. Explain the induced-fit model of enzyme function and describe the catalytic cycle of an enzyme.
18. Describe several mechanisms by which enzymes lower activation energy.
19. Explain how substrate concentration affects the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction.
20. Explain how enzyme activity can be regulated or controlled by environmental factors, co-factors, and enzyme inhibitors.
The Control of Metabolism
21. Explain how metabolic pathways are regulated.
22. Explain how the location of enzymes in a cell influences metabolism.
Chapter 7 Objectives
Chapter 7 Objectives
How We Study Cells
1. Distinguish between magnification and resolving power.
2. Describe the principles, advantages, and limitations of the light microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope.
3. Describe the major steps of cell fractionation and explain why it is a useful technique.
A Panoramic View of the Cell
4. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5. Explain why there are both upper and lower limits to cell size.
6. Explain why compartmentalization is important in eukaryotic cells.
The Nucleus and Ribosomes
7. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and briefly explain how the nucleus controls protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
8. Describe the structure and function of a eukaryotic ribosome.
The Endomembrane System
9. List the components of the endomembrane system, describe their structures and functions, and summarize the relationships among them.
10. Explain how impaired lysosomal function can cause the symptoms of storage diseases.
11. Describe the different structures and functions of vacuoles.
12. Describe the structure of a mitochondrion and explain the importance of compartmentalization in mitochondrial function.
Evolution, Unity, and Diversity
13. Distinguish among amyloplasts, chromoplasts, and chloroplasts.
14. Identify the three functional compartments of a chloroplast. Explain the importance of compartmentalization in chloroplast function.
Other Membranous Organelles
15. Explain the roles of mitochondria and chloroplasts.
16. Explain the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells.
The Cytoskeleton
17. Describe the functions of the cytoskeleton.
18. Describe the structure, monomers, and functions of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
19. Explain how the ultrastructure of cilia and flagella relate to their functions.
Cell Surfaces and Junctions
20. Describe the development of plant cell walls.
21. Describe the structure and list four functions of the extracellular matrix in animal cells.
22. Describe the structures of intercellular junctions found in plant and animal cells and relate those structures to their functions.
AP chap 26.cwk
chap 26
Chapter 5